The principal complicating factors for SSTO from Earth are: high orbital velocity of over 7,400 metres per second (27,000 km/h 17,000 mph) the need to overcome Earth's gravity, especially in the early stages of flight and flight within Earth's atmosphere, which limits speed in the early stages of flight due to drag, g, and influences engine performance. It is considered to be marginally possible to launch a single-stage-to-orbit chemically fueled spacecraft from Earth.
SSTO vehicles may also require a significantly higher degree of regular maintenance. However, the non-recurring costs associated with design, development, research and engineering (DDR&E) of reusable SSTO systems are much higher than expendable systems due to the substantial technical challenges of SSTO, assuming that those technical issues can in fact be solved. The main projected advantage of the SSTO concept is elimination of the hardware replacement inherent in expendable launch systems. To date, no Earth-launched SSTO launch vehicles have ever been flown orbital launches from Earth have been performed by either fully or partially expendable multi-stage rockets. The term usually, but not exclusively, refers to reusable vehicles.
The VentureStar was a proposed SSTO spaceplane.Ī single-stage-to-orbit ( SSTO) vehicle reaches orbit from the surface of a body using only propellants and fluids and without expending tanks, engines, or other major hardware. Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
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